Test examples of DC machines
Information
This package contains test examples of DC machines.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.ExamplesPackage (Icon for packages containing runnable examples).
Package Content
| Name |
Description |
 DCPM_Start
|
Test example: DC with permanent magnet starting with voltage ramp |
| DCEE_Start
|
Test example: DC with electrical excitation starting with voltage ramp |
| DCSE_Start
|
Test example: DC with serial excitation starting with voltage ramp |
| DCSE_SinglePhase
|
Test example: DC with serial excitation starting with voltage ramp |
| DCPM_Temperature
|
Test example: Investigate temperature dependency of a DCPM motor |
| DCPM_Cooling
|
Test example: Cooling of a DCPM motor |
| DCPM_QuasiStationary
|
Test example: Compare DCPM motors transient - quasistationary |
| DCPM_withLosses
|
Test example: Investigate influence of losses on DCPM motor performance |
Test example: DC with permanent magnet starting with voltage ramp
Information
Test example: Permanent magnet DC machine started with an armature voltage ramp
A voltage ramp is applied to the armature, causing the DC machine to start,
and accelerating inertias.
At time tStep a load step is applied.
Simulate for 2 seconds and plot (versus time):
- dcpm.ia: armature current
- dcpm.wMechanical: motor's speed
- dcpm.tauElectrical: motor's torque
Default machine parameters of model DC_PermanentMagnet are used.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
Parameters
| Name | Description |
|---|
| Va | Actual armature voltage [V] |
| tStart | Start of armature voltage ramp [s] |
| tRamp | Armature voltage ramp [s] |
| TLoad | Nominal load torque [N.m] |
| tStep | Time of load torque step [s] |
| JLoad | Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2] |
| dcpmData | |
Test example: DC with electrical excitation starting with voltage ramp
Information
Test example: Electrically separate excited DC machine started with an armature voltage ramp
A voltage ramp is applied to the armature, causing the DC machine to start,
and accelerating inertias.
At time tStep a load step is applied.
Simulate for 2 seconds and plot (versus time):
- dcee.ia: armature current
- dcee.wMechanical: motor's speed
- dcee.tauElectrical: motor's torque
- dcee.ie: excitation current
Default machine parameters of model DC_ElectricalExcited are used.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
Parameters
| Name | Description |
|---|
| Va | Actual armature voltage [V] |
| tStart | Start of armature voltage ramp [s] |
| tRamp | Armature voltage ramp [s] |
| Ve | Actual excitation voltage [V] |
| TLoad | Nominal load torque [N.m] |
| tStep | Time of load torque step [s] |
| JLoad | Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2] |
| dceeData | |
Test example: DC with serial excitation starting with voltage ramp
Information
Test example: Series excited DC machine started with a series resistor
At constant source voltage, a series resistor limiting the armature current, is reduced according to a ramp, causing the DC machine to start,
and accelerating inertias against load torque quadratic dependent on speed, finally reaching nominal speed.
Simulate for 2 seconds and plot (versus time):
- dcse.ia: armature current
- dcse.wMechanical: motor's speed
- dcse.tauElectrical: motor's torque
Default machine parameters of model DC_SeriesExcited are used.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
Parameters
| Name | Description |
|---|
| Va | Actual armature voltage [V] |
| tStart | Start of resistance ramp [s] |
| tRamp | Resistance ramp [s] |
| TLoad | Nominal load torque [N.m] |
| wLoad | Nominal load speed [rad/s] |
| JLoad | Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2] |
| dcseData | |
Test example: DC with serial excitation starting with voltage ramp
Information
Test example: Series excited DC machine at singlephase AC voltage started with a series resistor
At sinusoidal source voltage, a series resistor limiting the armature current, is reduced according to a ramp, causing the DC machine to start,
and accelerating inertias against load torque quadratic dependent on speed, finally reaching nominal speed.
Simulate for 2 seconds and plot (versus time):
- dcse.ia: armature current
- dcse.wMechanical: motor's speed
- dcse.tauElectrical: motor's torque
Default machine parameters of model DC_SeriesExcited are used.
Note:
Since both the field and the armature current are sinusoidal, the waveform of the torque is the square of sine.
Due to the additional inductive voltage drops, output of the motor is lower, compared to the same motor (DCSE_Start) at DC voltage.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
Parameters
| Name | Description |
|---|
| Va | Actual armature voltage RMS [V] |
| tStart | Start of resistance ramp [s] |
| tRamp | Resistance ramp [s] |
| TLoad | Nominal load torque [N.m] |
| wLoad | Nominal load speed [rad/s] |
| JLoad | Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2] |
| dcseData | |
Test example: Investigate temperature dependency of a DCPM motor
Information
Test example: Investigate influence of armature temperature on a DCPM motor
The motor starts at no-load speed, then a load step is applied.
Beginning with the load step, the armature temperature rises exponentially from 20 degC to 80 degC.
Simulate for 3 seconds and plot (versus time):
- dcpm.ia: armature current
- dcpm.wMechanical: motor's speed
- dcpm.tauElectrical: motor's torque
- thermalAmbientDCPM.Q_flow_a: motor's armature losses
Default machine parameters are used, but:
- The armature winding material is set to Copper.
- Armature reference temperature is set to 80 degC.
- Nominal armature temperature is set to 80 degC.
So the machine is at the beginning in cold condition, ending in warm condition
(with the same armature resistance as the unmodified machine).
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
Parameters
| Name | Description |
|---|
| Va | Actual armature voltage [V] |
| Ve | Actual excitation voltage [V] |
| w0 | No-load speed [rad/s] |
| TLoad | Nominal load torque [N.m] |
| JLoad | Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2] |
| dcpmData | |
Test example: Cooling of a DCPM motor
Information
Test example: Demonstrate cooling of a DCPM motor
The motor starts at no-load speed, then load pulses are applied.
The cooling circuit consists of armature's thermal capacitance,
a thermal conductance between armature and core, core's thermal capacitance and
a thermal conductance between core and coolant.
The coolant flow circuit consists of inlet, volume flow, a pipe connected to the core and the outlet.
Please note:
- All unused heat ports of the thermal port (i.e., without loss sources in the machine: brush, stray, friction, permanent magnet) have to be connected to a constant temperature source.
- The thermal capacitances (i.e., time constants) are unusual small to provide short simulation time!
- The coolant is a theoretical coolant with specific mass = 1 kg/m3 and cp = 1 J/kg.K.
- The thermal conductances as well as the coolant flow are parametrized such way, that:
- the total coolant's temperature rise is 10 K (over coolant inlet)
- the core's temperature rise is 27.5 K (over coolant's average temperature between inlet and outlet)
- the armature's temperature rise is 55 K (over coolant's average temperature between inlet and outlet)
Simulate for 25 seconds and plot (versus time):
- armature.T: armature temperature
- core.T: core temperature
- cooling.T: coolant temperature at outlet
Therefore the armature temperature would reach nominal armature temperature at constant nominal load.
Default machine parameters are used, but:
- The armature winding material is set to Copper.
- Armature reference temperature is set to 80 degC.
- Nominal armature temperature is set to 80 degC.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
Parameters
| Name | Description |
|---|
| Va | Actual armature voltage [V] |
| Ve | Actual excitation voltage [V] |
| w0 | No-load speed [rad/s] |
| TLoad | Nominal load torque [N.m] |
| JLoad | Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2] |
| TAmbient | Ambient temperature [K] |
| Ca | Armature's heat capacity [J/K] |
| Cc | Core's heat capacity [J/K] |
| G_armature_core | Heat conductance armature - core [W/K] |
| G_core_cooling | Heat conductance core - cooling [W/K] |
| CoolantFlow | Coolant flow [m3/s] |
| dcpmData | |
Test example: Compare DCPM motors transient - quasistationary
Information
Test example: Compare DCPM motors transient and quasistationary
The motors start at no-load speed, then load pulses are applied.
Simulate for 2 seconds and plot (versus time):
- dcpm1.ia: armature current of transient model
- dcpm1.wMechanical: motor's speed of transient model
- dcpm1.tauElectrical: motor's torque of transient model
- dcpm2.ia: armature current of quasistationary model
- dcpm2.wMechanical: motor's speed of quasistationary model
- dcpm2.tauElectrical: motor's torque of quasistationary model
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
Parameters
| Name | Description |
|---|
| Va | Actual armature voltage [V] |
| Ve | Actual excitation voltage [V] |
| w0 | No-load speed [rad/s] |
| TLoad | Nominal load torque [N.m] |
| JLoad | Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2] |
| dcpmData | |
Test example: Investigate influence of losses on DCPM motor performance
Information
Test example: Investigate influence of losses on DCPM motor performance
Both motors are started with a voltage ramp applied to the armature, causing the DC machines to start,
and accelerating inertias. Both machines are loading with a quadratic speed dependent load torque.
The first machine dcpm1 uses default machine parameters of model DC_PermanentMagnet,
the second machine dcpm2 is parametrized with additional losses:
| | dcpm1 | dcpm2 | |
| Armature voltage | 100 | 100 | V |
| Armature current | 100 | 100 | A |
| Inner voltage | 95.0 | 94.5 | V |
| Nominal speed | 1425.0 | 1417.5 | rpm |
| Armature resistance | 0.05000 | 0.03864 | Ohm |
| Temperature coefficient | n/a | 0.00392 | 1/K |
| Reference temperature | n/a | 20 | degC |
| Operation temperature | n/a | 95 | degC |
| Brush voltage drop | n/a | 0.5 | V |
| Electrical input | 10,000 | 10,000 | W |
| Armature copper losses | 500 | 500 | W |
| Core losses | n/a | 200 | W |
| Stray load losses | n/a | 50 | W |
| Friction losses | n/a | 100 | W |
| Brush losses | n/a | 50 | W |
| Mechanical output | 9,500 | 9,100 | W |
| Nominal torque | 63,66 | 61,30 | Nm |
Note: The reference values (voltage, current, speed) are already propagated to the loss records,
using the nominal operation point.
See:
Anton Haumer, Christian Kral, Hansjörg Kapeller, Thomas Bäuml, Johannes V. Gragger
The AdvancedMachines Library: Loss Models for Electric Machines
Modelica 2009, 7th International Modelica Conference
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
Parameters
| Name | Description |
|---|
| Va | Actual armature voltage [V] |
| tStart | Start of armature voltage ramp [s] |
| tRamp | Armature voltage ramp [s] |
| TLoad1 | Nominal load torque [N.m] |
| wLoad1 | Nominal load speed [rad/s] |
| TLoad2 | Nominal load torque [N.m] |
| wLoad2 | Nominal load speed [rad/s] |
| JLoad | Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2] |
| dcpmData1 | |
| dcpmData2 | |
Automatically generated Tue Apr 05 09:36:19 2016.
Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.DCMachines.DCPM_Start