Annex60.ThermalZones.ReducedOrder.RC

This package contains the core of Reduced Order Models (ROM) that dynamically calculate the thermal behaviour of building mass.

Package Content

Name	Description
UsersGuide	User's Guide
FourElements	Thermal Zone with four elements for exterior walls, interior walls, floor plate and roof
OneElement	Thermal Zone with one element for exterior walls
ThreeElements	Thermal Zone with three elements for exterior walls, interior walls and floor plate
TwoElements	Thermal Zone with two elements for exterior and interior walls
BaseClasses	Package with base classes for ROM

Annex60.ThermalZones.ReducedOrder.RC.FourElements

Thermal Zone with four elements for exterior walls, interior walls, floor plate and roof

Annex60.ThermalZones.ReducedOrder.RC.FourElements

Information

This model adds another element for the roof. Roofs commonly exhibit the same excitations as exterior walls but have different coefficients of heat transfer due to their orientation. Adding an extra element for the roof might lead to a finer resolution of the dynamic behaviour but increases calculation times. The roof is parameterized via the length of the RC-chain nRoof, the vector of capacities CRoof[nRoof], the vector of resistances RRoof[nRoof] and remaining resistances RRoofRem.

Extends from ThreeElements (Thermal Zone with three elements for exterior walls, interior walls and floor plate).

Parameters

Connectors

Modelica definition

Type	Name	Default	Description
replaceable package Medium	PartialMedium	Medium in the component
Thermal zone
Volume	VAir		Air volume of the zone [m3]
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer	alphaRad		Coefficient of heat transfer for linearized radiation exchange between walls [W/(m2.K)]
Integer	nOrientations		Number of orientations
Windows
Area	AWin[nOrientations]		Vector of areas of windows by orientations [m2]
Area	ATransparent[nOrientations]		Vector of areas of transparent (solar radiation transmittend) elements by orientations [m2]
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer	alphaWin		Convective coefficient of heat transfer of windows (indoor) [W/(m2.K)]
ThermalResistance	RWin		Resistor for windows [K/W]
TransmissionCoefficient	gWin		Total energy transmittance of windows [1]
Real	ratioWinConRad		Ratio for windows between indoor convective and radiative heat emission
Boolean	indoorPortWin	false	Additional heat port at indoor surface of windows
Exterior walls
Area	AExt[nOrientations]		Vector of areas of exterior walls by orientations [m2]
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer	alphaExt		Convective coefficient of heat transfer of exterior walls (indoor) [W/(m2.K)]
Integer	nExt		Number of RC-elements of exterior walls
ThermalResistance	RExt[nExt]		Vector of resistances of exterior walls, from inside to outside [K/W]
ThermalResistance	RExtRem		Resistance of remaining resistor RExtRem between capacity n and outside [K/W]
HeatCapacity	CExt[nExt]		Vector of heat capacities of exterior walls, from inside to outside [J/K]
Boolean	indoorPortExtWalls	false	Additional heat port at indoor surface of exterior walls
Interior walls
Area	AInt		Area of interior walls [m2]
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer	alphaInt		Convective coefficient of heat transfer of interior walls (indoor) [W/(m2.K)]
Integer	nInt		Number of RC-elements of interior walls
ThermalResistance	RInt[nInt]		Vector of resistances of interior walls, from port to center [K/W]
HeatCapacity	CInt[nInt]		Vector of heat capacities of interior walls, from port to center [J/K]
Boolean	indoorPortIntWalls	false	Additional heat port at indoor surface of interior walls
Floor plate
Area	AFloor		Area of floor plate [m2]
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer	alphaFloor		Convective coefficient of heat transfer of floor plate (indoor) [W/(m2.K)]
Integer	nFloor		Number of RC-elements of floor plate
ThermalResistance	RFloor[nExt]		Vector of resistances of floor plate, from inside to outside [K/W]
ThermalResistance	RFloorRem		Resistance of remaining resistor RFloorRem between capacity n and outside [K/W]
HeatCapacity	CFloor[nExt]		Vector of heat capacities of floor plate, from inside to outside [J/K]
Boolean	indoorPortFloor	false	Additional heat port at indoor surface of floor plate
Roof
Area	ARoof		Area of roof [m2]
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer	alphaRoof		Convective coefficient of heat transfer of roof (indoor) [W/(m2.K)]
Integer	nRoof		Number of RC-elements of roof
ThermalResistance	RRoof[nExt]		Vector of resistances of roof, from inside to outside [K/W]
ThermalResistance	RRoofRem		Resistance of remaining resistor RRoofRem between capacity n and outside [K/W]
HeatCapacity	CRoof[nExt]		Vector of heat capacities of roof, from inside to outside [J/K]
Boolean	indoorPortRoof	false	Additional heat port at indoor surface of roof
Dynamics
Equations
Dynamics	energyDynamics	Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamic...	Type of energy balance: dynamic (3 initialization options) or steady state
Dynamics	massDynamics	energyDynamics	Type of mass balance: dynamic (3 initialization options) or steady state
Real	mSenFac	1	Factor for scaling the sensible thermal mass of the volume
Initialization
AbsolutePressure	p_start	Medium.p_default	Start value of pressure [Pa]
Temperature	T_start	Medium.T_default	Start value of temperature [K]
MassFraction	X_start[Medium.nX]	Medium.X_default	Start value of mass fractions m_i/m [kg/kg]
ExtraProperty	C_start[Medium.nC]	fill(0, Medium.nC)	Start value of trace substances
ExtraProperty	C_nominal[Medium.nC]	fill(1E-2, Medium.nC)	Nominal value of trace substances. (Set to typical order of magnitude.)

Type	Name	Description
input RealInput	solRad[nOrientations]	Solar radiation transmitted through windows [W/m2]
output RealOutput	TAir	Indoor air temperature [K]
output RealOutput	TRad	Mean indoor radiation temperature [K]
VesselFluidPorts_b	ports[nPorts]	Auxilliary fluid inlets and outlets to indoor air volume
HeatPort_a	extWall	Ambient port for exterior walls
HeatPort_a	window	Ambient port for windows
HeatPort_a	intGainsConv	Auxilliary port for internal convective gains
HeatPort_a	intGainsRad	Auxilliary port for internal radiative gains
HeatPort_a	windowIndoorSurface	Auxilliary port at indoor surface of windows
HeatPort_a	extWallIndoorSurface	Auxilliary port at indoor surface of exterior walls
HeatPort_a	intWallIndoorSurface	Auxilliary port at indoor surface of interior walls
HeatPort_a	floor	Ambient port for floor plate
HeatPort_a	floorIndoorSurface	Auxilliary port at indoor surface of floor plate
HeatPort_a	roof	Ambient port for roof
HeatPort_a	roofIndoorSurface	Auxilliary port at indoor surface of roof

model FourElements "Thermal Zone with four elements for exterior walls, interior walls, floor plate and roof" extends ThreeElements(AArray={ATotExt,ATotWin,AInt,AFloor,ARoof}); parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area ARoof "Area of roof"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.CoefficientOfHeatTransfer alphaRoof "Convective coefficient of heat transfer of roof (indoor)"; parameter Integer nRoof(min = 1) "Number of RC-elements of roof"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.ThermalResistance RRoof[nExt]( each min=Modelica.Constants.small) "Vector of resistances of roof, from inside to outside"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.ThermalResistance RRoofRem( min=Modelica.Constants.small) "Resistance of remaining resistor RRoofRem between capacity n and outside"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.HeatCapacity CRoof[nExt]( each min=Modelica.Constants.small) "Vector of heat capacities of roof, from inside to outside"; parameter Boolean indoorPortRoof = false "Additional heat port at indoor surface of roof"; Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a roof if ARoof > 0 "Ambient port for roof"; Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a roofIndoorSurface if indoorPortRoof "Auxilliary port at indoor surface of roof"; BaseClasses.ExteriorWall roofRC( final RExt=RRoof, final RExtRem=RRoofRem, final CExt=CRoof, final n=nRoof, final T_start=T_start) if ARoof > 0 "RC-element for roof"; protected Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.Convection convRoof if ARoof > 0 "Convective heat transfer of roof"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant alphaRoofConst( final k=ARoof*alphaRoof) if ARoof > 0 "Coefficient of convective heat transfer for roof"; Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.ThermalConductor resIntRoof( final G=min(AInt, ARoof)*alphaRad) if AInt > 0 and ARoof > 0 "Resistor between interior walls and roof"; Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.ThermalConductor resRoofWin( final G=min(ARoof, ATotWin)*alphaRad) if ARoof > 0 and ATotWin > 0 "Resistor between roof and windows"; Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.ThermalConductor resRoofFloor( final G=min(ARoof, AFloor)*alphaRad) if ARoof > 0 and AFloor > 0 "Resistor between floor plate and roof"; Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.ThermalConductor resExtWallRoof( final G=min(ATotExt, ARoof)*alphaRad) if ATotExt > 0 and ARoof > 0 "Resistor between exterior walls and roof"; equation connect(convRoof.solid, roofRC.port_b); connect(roofRC.port_a, roof); connect(resRoofWin.port_a, convWin.solid); connect(resRoofWin.port_b, convRoof.solid); connect(resRoofFloor.port_a, convRoof.solid); connect(resRoofFloor.port_b, resExtWallFloor.port_b); connect(resIntRoof.port_b, intWallRC.port_a); connect(resIntRoof.port_a, convRoof.solid); connect(resExtWallRoof.port_a, convExtWall.solid); connect(resExtWallRoof.port_b, convRoof.solid); if not ATotExt > 0 and not ATotWin > 0 and not AInt > 0 and not AFloor > 0 and ARoof > 0 then connect(thermSplitterIntGains.portOut[1], roofRC.port_a); connect(roofRC.port_a, thermSplitterSolRad.portOut[1]); elseif ATotExt > 0 and not ATotWin > 0 and not AInt > 0 and not AFloor > 0 and ARoof > 0 or not ATotExt > 0 and ATotWin > 0 and not AInt > 0 and not AFloor > 0 and ARoof > 0 or not ATotExt > 0 and not ATotWin > 0 and AInt > 0 and not AFloor > 0 and ARoof > 0 or not ATotExt > 0 and not ATotWin > 0 and not AInt > 0 and AFloor > 0 and ARoof > 0 then connect(thermSplitterIntGains.portOut[2], roofRC.port_a); connect(roofRC.port_a, thermSplitterSolRad.portOut[2]); elseif ATotExt > 0 and ATotWin > 0 and not AInt > 0 and not AFloor > 0 and ARoof > 0 or ATotExt > 0 and not ATotWin > 0 and AInt > 0 and not AFloor > 0 and ARoof > 0 or ATotExt > 0 and not ATotWin > 0 and not AInt > 0 and AFloor > 0 and ARoof > 0 or not ATotExt > 0 and ATotWin > 0 and AInt > 0 and not AFloor > 0 and ARoof > 0 or not ATotExt > 0 and ATotWin > 0 and not AInt > 0 and AFloor > 0 and ARoof > 0 or not ATotExt > 0 and not ATotWin > 0 and AInt > 0 and AFloor > 0 and ARoof > 0 then connect(thermSplitterIntGains.portOut[3], roofRC.port_a); connect(roofRC.port_a, thermSplitterSolRad.portOut[3]); elseif not ATotExt > 0 and ATotWin > 0 and AInt > 0 and AFloor > 0 and ARoof > 0 or ATotExt > 0 and not ATotWin > 0 and AInt > 0 and AFloor > 0 and ARoof > 0 or ATotExt > 0 and ATotWin > 0 and not AInt > 0 and AFloor > 0 and ARoof > 0 or ATotExt > 0 and ATotWin > 0 and AInt > 0 and not AFloor > 0 and ARoof > 0 then connect(thermSplitterIntGains.portOut[4], roofRC.port_a); connect(roofRC.port_a, thermSplitterSolRad.portOut[4]); elseif ATotExt > 0 and ATotWin > 0 and AInt > 0 and AFloor > 0 and ARoof > 0 then connect(thermSplitterSolRad.portOut[5], roofRC.port_b); connect(thermSplitterIntGains.portOut[5], roofRC.port_b); end if; connect(alphaRoofConst.y, convRoof.Gc); connect(convRoof.fluid, senTAir.port); connect(roofRC.port_b, roofIndoorSurface); end FourElements;

Annex60.ThermalZones.ReducedOrder.RC.OneElement

Information

This model merges all thermal masses into one element, parameterized by the length of the RC-chain nExt, the vector of the capacities CExt[nExt] that is connected via the vector of resistances RExt[nExt] and RExtRem to the ambient and indoor air. By default, the model neglects all internal thermal masses that are not directly connected to the ambient. However, the thermal capacity of the room air can be increased by using the parameter mSenFac.

Parameters

Connectors

Modelica definition

Type	Name	Default	Description
replaceable package Medium	PartialMedium	Medium in the component
Thermal zone
Volume	VAir		Air volume of the zone [m3]
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer	alphaRad		Coefficient of heat transfer for linearized radiation exchange between walls [W/(m2.K)]
Integer	nOrientations		Number of orientations
Windows
Area	AWin[nOrientations]		Vector of areas of windows by orientations [m2]
Area	ATransparent[nOrientations]		Vector of areas of transparent (solar radiation transmittend) elements by orientations [m2]
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer	alphaWin		Convective coefficient of heat transfer of windows (indoor) [W/(m2.K)]
ThermalResistance	RWin		Resistor for windows [K/W]
TransmissionCoefficient	gWin		Total energy transmittance of windows [1]
Real	ratioWinConRad		Ratio for windows between indoor convective and radiative heat emission
Boolean	indoorPortWin	false	Additional heat port at indoor surface of windows
Exterior walls
Area	AExt[nOrientations]		Vector of areas of exterior walls by orientations [m2]
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer	alphaExt		Convective coefficient of heat transfer of exterior walls (indoor) [W/(m2.K)]
Integer	nExt		Number of RC-elements of exterior walls
ThermalResistance	RExt[nExt]		Vector of resistances of exterior walls, from inside to outside [K/W]
ThermalResistance	RExtRem		Resistance of remaining resistor RExtRem between capacity n and outside [K/W]
HeatCapacity	CExt[nExt]		Vector of heat capacities of exterior walls, from inside to outside [J/K]
Boolean	indoorPortExtWalls	false	Additional heat port at indoor surface of exterior walls
Dynamics
Equations
Dynamics	energyDynamics	Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamic...	Type of energy balance: dynamic (3 initialization options) or steady state
Dynamics	massDynamics	energyDynamics	Type of mass balance: dynamic (3 initialization options) or steady state
Real	mSenFac	1	Factor for scaling the sensible thermal mass of the volume
Initialization
AbsolutePressure	p_start	Medium.p_default	Start value of pressure [Pa]
Temperature	T_start	Medium.T_default	Start value of temperature [K]
MassFraction	X_start[Medium.nX]	Medium.X_default	Start value of mass fractions m_i/m [kg/kg]
ExtraProperty	C_start[Medium.nC]	fill(0, Medium.nC)	Start value of trace substances
ExtraProperty	C_nominal[Medium.nC]	fill(1E-2, Medium.nC)	Nominal value of trace substances. (Set to typical order of magnitude.)

Type	Name	Description
input RealInput	solRad[nOrientations]	Solar radiation transmitted through windows [W/m2]
output RealOutput	TAir	Indoor air temperature [K]
output RealOutput	TRad	Mean indoor radiation temperature [K]
VesselFluidPorts_b	ports[nPorts]	Auxilliary fluid inlets and outlets to indoor air volume
HeatPort_a	extWall	Ambient port for exterior walls
HeatPort_a	window	Ambient port for windows
HeatPort_a	intGainsConv	Auxilliary port for internal convective gains
HeatPort_a	intGainsRad	Auxilliary port for internal radiative gains
HeatPort_a	windowIndoorSurface	Auxilliary port at indoor surface of windows
HeatPort_a	extWallIndoorSurface	Auxilliary port at indoor surface of exterior walls

model OneElement "Thermal Zone with one element for exterior walls" extends Annex60.Fluid.Interfaces.LumpedVolumeDeclarations; parameter Modelica.SIunits.Volume VAir "Air volume of the zone"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.CoefficientOfHeatTransfer alphaRad "Coefficient of heat transfer for linearized radiation exchange between walls"; parameter Integer nOrientations(min=1) "Number of orientations"; parameter Integer nPorts=0 "Number of fluid ports"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area AWin[nOrientations] "Vector of areas of windows by orientations"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area ATransparent[nOrientations] "Vector of areas of transparent (solar radiation transmittend) elements by orientations"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.CoefficientOfHeatTransfer alphaWin "Convective coefficient of heat transfer of windows (indoor)"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.ThermalResistance RWin "Resistor for windows"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.TransmissionCoefficient gWin "Total energy transmittance of windows"; parameter Real ratioWinConRad "Ratio for windows between indoor convective and radiative heat emission"; parameter Boolean indoorPortWin = false "Additional heat port at indoor surface of windows"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area AExt[nOrientations] "Vector of areas of exterior walls by orientations"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.CoefficientOfHeatTransfer alphaExt "Convective coefficient of heat transfer of exterior walls (indoor)"; parameter Integer nExt(min = 1) "Number of RC-elements of exterior walls"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.ThermalResistance RExt[nExt]( each min=Modelica.Constants.small) "Vector of resistances of exterior walls, from inside to outside"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.ThermalResistance RExtRem( min=Modelica.Constants.small) "Resistance of remaining resistor RExtRem between capacity n and outside"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.HeatCapacity CExt[nExt]( each min=Modelica.Constants.small) "Vector of heat capacities of exterior walls, from inside to outside"; parameter Boolean indoorPortExtWalls = false "Additional heat port at indoor surface of exterior walls"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput solRad[nOrientations]( each final quantity="RadiantEnergyFluenceRate", each final unit="W/m2") if sum(ATransparent) > 0 "Solar radiation transmitted through windows"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput TAir( final quantity="ThermodynamicTemperature", final unit="K", displayUnit="degC") if ATot > 0 or VAir > 0 "Indoor air temperature"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput TRad( final quantity="ThermodynamicTemperature", final unit="K", displayUnit="degC") if ATot > 0 "Mean indoor radiation temperature"; Modelica.Fluid.Vessels.BaseClasses.VesselFluidPorts_b ports[nPorts]( redeclare each final package Medium = Medium) "Auxilliary fluid inlets and outlets to indoor air volume"; Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a extWall if ATotExt > 0 "Ambient port for exterior walls"; Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a window if ATotWin > 0 "Ambient port for windows"; Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a intGainsConv if ATot > 0 or VAir > 0 "Auxilliary port for internal convective gains"; Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a intGainsRad if ATot > 0 "Auxilliary port for internal radiative gains"; Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a windowIndoorSurface if indoorPortWin "Auxilliary port at indoor surface of windows"; Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a extWallIndoorSurface if indoorPortExtWalls "Auxilliary port at indoor surface of exterior walls"; Fluid.MixingVolumes.MixingVolume volAir( redeclare final package Medium = Medium, final nPorts=nPorts, m_flow_nominal=VAir*6/3600*1.2, final V=VAir, final energyDynamics=energyDynamics, final massDynamics=massDynamics, final p_start=p_start, final T_start=T_start, final X_start=X_start, final C_start=C_start, final C_nominal=C_nominal, final mSenFac=mSenFac, final use_C_flow=false) if VAir > 0 "Indoor air volume"; Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.ThermalResistor resWin(final R=RWin) if ATotWin > 0 "Resistor for windows"; Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Sources.PrescribedHeatFlow convHeatSol( final alpha=0) if ratioWinConRad > 0 and (ATot > 0 or VAir > 0) and sum(ATransparent) > 0 "Solar heat considered as convection"; Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Sources.PrescribedHeatFlow radHeatSol[ nOrientations](each final alpha=0) if ATot > 0 and sum(ATransparent) > 0 "Solar heat considered as radiation"; BaseClasses.ThermSplitter thermSplitterIntGains( final splitFactor=splitFactor, final nOut=dimension, final nIn=1) if ATot > 0 "Splits incoming internal gains into separate gains for each wall element, weighted by their area"; BaseClasses.ThermSplitter thermSplitterSolRad( final splitFactor=splitFactorSolRad, final nOut=dimension, final nIn=nOrientations) if ATot > 0 and sum(ATransparent) > 0 "Splits incoming solar radiation into separate gains for each wall element, weighted by their area"; BaseClasses.ExteriorWall extWallRC( final n=nExt, final RExt=RExt, final CExt=CExt, final RExtRem=RExtRem, final T_start=T_start) if ATotExt > 0 "RC-element for exterior walls"; protected parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area ATot=sum(AArray) "Sum of wall surface areas"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area ATotExt=sum(AExt) "Sum of exterior wall surface areas"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area ATotWin=sum(AWin) "Sum of window surface areas"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area[:] AArray = {ATotExt, ATotWin} "List of all wall surface areas"; parameter Integer dimension = sum({if A>0 then 1 else 0 for A in AArray}) "Number of non-zero wall surface areas"; parameter Real splitFactor[dimension, 1]= BaseClasses.splitFacVal(dimension, 1, AArray, fill(0, 1), fill(0, 1)) "Share of each wall surface area that is non-zero"; parameter Real splitFactorSolRad[dimension, nOrientations]= BaseClasses.splitFacVal(dimension, nOrientations, AArray, AExt, AWin) "Share of each wall surface area that is non-zero, for each orientation separately"; Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.Convection convExtWall if ATotExt > 0 "Convective heat transfer of exterior walls"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant alphaExtWallConst( final k=ATotExt*alphaExt) if ATotExt > 0 "Coefficient of convective heat transfer for exterior walls"; Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.Convection convWin if ATotWin > 0 "Convective heat transfer of windows"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant alphaWinConst(final k=ATotWin*alphaWin) if ATotWin > 0 "Coefficient of convective heat transfer for windows"; Modelica.Blocks.Math.Gain eRadSol[nOrientations]( final k=gWin*(1 - ratioWinConRad)*ATransparent) if sum(ATransparent) > 0 "Emission coefficient of solar radiation considered as radiation"; Modelica.Blocks.Math.Gain eConvSol[nOrientations]( final k=gWin*ratioWinConRad*ATransparent) if ratioWinConRad > 0 and sum(ATransparent) > 0 "Emission coefficient of solar radiation considered as convection"; Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.ThermalConductor resExtWallWin( final G=min(ATotExt, ATotWin)*alphaRad) if ATotExt > 0 and ATotWin > 0 "Resistor between exterior walls and windows"; Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Sensors.TemperatureSensor senTAir if ATot > 0 or VAir > 0 "Indoor air temperature sensor"; Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Sensors.TemperatureSensor senTRad if ATot > 0 "Mean indoor radiation temperatur sensor"; Modelica.Blocks.Math.Sum sumSolRad(final nin=nOrientations) if ratioWinConRad > 0 and sum(ATransparent) > 0 "Sums up solar radiation from different directions"; equation connect(volAir.ports, ports); connect(resWin.port_a, window); connect(resWin.port_b, convWin.solid); connect(eRadSol.y, radHeatSol.Q_flow); connect(thermSplitterIntGains.portIn[1], intGainsRad); connect(radHeatSol.port, thermSplitterSolRad.portIn); connect(extWallRC.port_b, extWall); connect(extWallRC.port_a, convExtWall.solid); if ATotExt > 0 and ATotWin > 0 then connect(thermSplitterSolRad.portOut[1], convExtWall.solid); connect(thermSplitterIntGains.portOut[1], convExtWall.solid); connect(thermSplitterSolRad.portOut[2], convWin.solid); connect(thermSplitterIntGains.portOut[2], convWin.solid); elseif not ATotExt > 0 and ATotWin > 0 then connect(thermSplitterSolRad.portOut[1], convWin.solid); connect(thermSplitterIntGains.portOut[1], convWin.solid); elseif ATotExt > 0 and not ATotWin > 0 then connect(thermSplitterSolRad.portOut[1], convExtWall.solid); connect(thermSplitterIntGains.portOut[1], convExtWall.solid); end if; connect(eRadSol.u, solRad); connect(resExtWallWin.port_b, convExtWall.solid); connect(resExtWallWin.port_a, convWin.solid); connect(alphaWinConst.y, convWin.Gc); connect(alphaExtWallConst.y, convExtWall.Gc); connect(convExtWall.fluid, senTAir.port); connect(convHeatSol.port, senTAir.port); connect(intGainsConv, senTAir.port); connect(convWin.fluid, senTAir.port); connect(volAir.heatPort, senTAir.port); connect(senTAir.T, TAir); connect(convWin.solid, windowIndoorSurface); connect(convExtWall.solid, extWallIndoorSurface); connect(senTRad.port, thermSplitterIntGains.portIn[1]); connect(senTRad.T, TRad); connect(solRad, eConvSol.u); connect(eConvSol.y, sumSolRad.u); connect(sumSolRad.y, convHeatSol.Q_flow); end OneElement;

Annex60.ThermalZones.ReducedOrder.RC.ThreeElements

Thermal Zone with three elements for exterior walls, interior walls and floor plate

Annex60.ThermalZones.ReducedOrder.RC.ThreeElements

Information

This model adds one further element for the floor plate. Long-term effects dominate the excitation of the floor plate and thus the excitation fundamentally differs from excitation of outer walls. Adding an extra element for the floor plate leads to a finer resolution of the dynamic behaviour but increases calculation times. The floor plate is parameterized via the length of the RC-chain nFloor, the vector of the capacities CFloor[nFloor], the vector of the resistances RFloor[nFloor] and the remaining resistance RFloorRem.

Extends from TwoElements (Thermal Zone with two elements for exterior and interior walls).

Parameters

Connectors

Modelica definition

Type	Name	Default	Description
replaceable package Medium	PartialMedium	Medium in the component
Thermal zone
Volume	VAir		Air volume of the zone [m3]
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer	alphaRad		Coefficient of heat transfer for linearized radiation exchange between walls [W/(m2.K)]
Integer	nOrientations		Number of orientations
Windows
Area	AWin[nOrientations]		Vector of areas of windows by orientations [m2]
Area	ATransparent[nOrientations]		Vector of areas of transparent (solar radiation transmittend) elements by orientations [m2]
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer	alphaWin		Convective coefficient of heat transfer of windows (indoor) [W/(m2.K)]
ThermalResistance	RWin		Resistor for windows [K/W]
TransmissionCoefficient	gWin		Total energy transmittance of windows [1]
Real	ratioWinConRad		Ratio for windows between indoor convective and radiative heat emission
Boolean	indoorPortWin	false	Additional heat port at indoor surface of windows
Exterior walls
Area	AExt[nOrientations]		Vector of areas of exterior walls by orientations [m2]
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer	alphaExt		Convective coefficient of heat transfer of exterior walls (indoor) [W/(m2.K)]
Integer	nExt		Number of RC-elements of exterior walls
ThermalResistance	RExt[nExt]		Vector of resistances of exterior walls, from inside to outside [K/W]
ThermalResistance	RExtRem		Resistance of remaining resistor RExtRem between capacity n and outside [K/W]
HeatCapacity	CExt[nExt]		Vector of heat capacities of exterior walls, from inside to outside [J/K]
Boolean	indoorPortExtWalls	false	Additional heat port at indoor surface of exterior walls
Interior walls
Area	AInt		Area of interior walls [m2]
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer	alphaInt		Convective coefficient of heat transfer of interior walls (indoor) [W/(m2.K)]
Integer	nInt		Number of RC-elements of interior walls
ThermalResistance	RInt[nInt]		Vector of resistances of interior walls, from port to center [K/W]
HeatCapacity	CInt[nInt]		Vector of heat capacities of interior walls, from port to center [J/K]
Boolean	indoorPortIntWalls	false	Additional heat port at indoor surface of interior walls
Floor plate
Area	AFloor		Area of floor plate [m2]
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer	alphaFloor		Convective coefficient of heat transfer of floor plate (indoor) [W/(m2.K)]
Integer	nFloor		Number of RC-elements of floor plate
ThermalResistance	RFloor[nExt]		Vector of resistances of floor plate, from inside to outside [K/W]
ThermalResistance	RFloorRem		Resistance of remaining resistor RFloorRem between capacity n and outside [K/W]
HeatCapacity	CFloor[nExt]		Vector of heat capacities of floor plate, from inside to outside [J/K]
Boolean	indoorPortFloor	false	Additional heat port at indoor surface of floor plate
Dynamics
Equations
Dynamics	energyDynamics	Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamic...	Type of energy balance: dynamic (3 initialization options) or steady state
Dynamics	massDynamics	energyDynamics	Type of mass balance: dynamic (3 initialization options) or steady state
Real	mSenFac	1	Factor for scaling the sensible thermal mass of the volume
Initialization
AbsolutePressure	p_start	Medium.p_default	Start value of pressure [Pa]
Temperature	T_start	Medium.T_default	Start value of temperature [K]
MassFraction	X_start[Medium.nX]	Medium.X_default	Start value of mass fractions m_i/m [kg/kg]
ExtraProperty	C_start[Medium.nC]	fill(0, Medium.nC)	Start value of trace substances
ExtraProperty	C_nominal[Medium.nC]	fill(1E-2, Medium.nC)	Nominal value of trace substances. (Set to typical order of magnitude.)

Type	Name	Description
input RealInput	solRad[nOrientations]	Solar radiation transmitted through windows [W/m2]
output RealOutput	TAir	Indoor air temperature [K]
output RealOutput	TRad	Mean indoor radiation temperature [K]
VesselFluidPorts_b	ports[nPorts]	Auxilliary fluid inlets and outlets to indoor air volume
HeatPort_a	extWall	Ambient port for exterior walls
HeatPort_a	window	Ambient port for windows
HeatPort_a	intGainsConv	Auxilliary port for internal convective gains
HeatPort_a	intGainsRad	Auxilliary port for internal radiative gains
HeatPort_a	windowIndoorSurface	Auxilliary port at indoor surface of windows
HeatPort_a	extWallIndoorSurface	Auxilliary port at indoor surface of exterior walls
HeatPort_a	intWallIndoorSurface	Auxilliary port at indoor surface of interior walls
HeatPort_a	floor	Ambient port for floor plate
HeatPort_a	floorIndoorSurface	Auxilliary port at indoor surface of floor plate

model ThreeElements "Thermal Zone with three elements for exterior walls, interior walls and floor plate" extends TwoElements(AArray={ATotExt,ATotWin,AInt,AFloor}); parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area AFloor "Area of floor plate"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.CoefficientOfHeatTransfer alphaFloor "Convective coefficient of heat transfer of floor plate (indoor)"; parameter Integer nFloor(min = 1) "Number of RC-elements of floor plate"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.ThermalResistance RFloor[nExt]( each min=Modelica.Constants.small) "Vector of resistances of floor plate, from inside to outside"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.ThermalResistance RFloorRem( min=Modelica.Constants.small) "Resistance of remaining resistor RFloorRem between capacity n and outside"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.HeatCapacity CFloor[nExt]( each min=Modelica.Constants.small) "Vector of heat capacities of floor plate, from inside to outside"; parameter Boolean indoorPortFloor = false "Additional heat port at indoor surface of floor plate"; Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a floor if AFloor > 0 "Ambient port for floor plate"; Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a floorIndoorSurface if indoorPortFloor "Auxilliary port at indoor surface of floor plate"; BaseClasses.ExteriorWall floorRC( final n=nFloor, final RExt=RFloor, final RExtRem=RFloorRem, final CExt=CFloor, final T_start=T_start) if AFloor > 0 "RC-element for floor plate"; protected Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.Convection convFloor if AFloor > 0 "Convective heat transfer of floor"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant alphaFloorConst(final k=AFloor*alphaFloor) if AFloor > 0 "Coefficient of convective heat transfer for floor"; Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.ThermalConductor resExtWallFloor( final G=min(ATotExt, AFloor)*alphaRad) if ATotExt > 0 and AFloor > 0 "Resistor between exterior walls and floor"; Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.ThermalConductor resIntWallFloor( final G=min(AFloor, AInt)*alphaRad) if AInt > 0 and AFloor > 0 "Resistor between interior walls and floor"; Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.ThermalConductor resFloorWin( final G=min(ATotWin, AFloor)*alphaRad) if ATotWin > 0 and AFloor > 0 "Resistor between floor plate and windows"; equation connect(floorRC.port_a, convFloor.solid); connect(floorRC.port_a, resExtWallFloor.port_b); connect(floorRC.port_a, resIntWallFloor.port_b); connect(floorRC.port_b, floor); connect(resFloorWin.port_a, convWin.solid); if not ATotExt > 0 and not ATotWin > 0 and not AInt > 0 and AFloor > 0 then connect(thermSplitterIntGains.portOut[1], floorRC.port_a); connect(floorRC.port_a, thermSplitterSolRad.portOut[1]); elseif ATotExt > 0 and not ATotWin > 0 and not AInt > 0 and AFloor > 0 or not ATotExt > 0 and ATotWin > 0 and not AInt > 0 and AFloor > 0 or not ATotExt > 0 and not ATotWin > 0 and AInt > 0 and AFloor > 0 then connect(thermSplitterIntGains.portOut[2], floorRC.port_a); connect(floorRC.port_a, thermSplitterSolRad.portOut[2]); elseif not ATotExt > 0 and ATotWin > 0 and AInt > 0 and AFloor > 0 or ATotExt > 0 and not ATotWin > 0 and AInt > 0 and AFloor > 0 or ATotExt > 0 and ATotWin > 0 and not AInt > 0 and AFloor > 0 then connect(thermSplitterIntGains.portOut[3], floorRC.port_a); connect(floorRC.port_a, thermSplitterSolRad.portOut[3]); elseif ATotExt > 0 and ATotWin > 0 and AInt > 0 and AFloor > 0 then connect(thermSplitterIntGains.portOut[4], floorRC.port_a); connect(floorRC.port_a, thermSplitterSolRad.portOut[4]); end if; connect(intWallRC.port_a, resIntWallFloor.port_a); connect(resFloorWin.port_b, resExtWallFloor.port_b); connect(resExtWallFloor.port_a, convExtWall.solid); connect(alphaFloorConst.y, convFloor.Gc); connect(convFloor.fluid, senTAir.port); connect(floorRC.port_a, floorIndoorSurface); end ThreeElements;

Annex60.ThermalZones.ReducedOrder.RC.TwoElements

Information

This model distinguishes between internal thermal masses and exterior walls. While exterior walls contribute to heat transfer to the ambient, adiabatic conditions apply to internal masses. Parameters for the internal wall element are the length of the RC-chain nInt, the vector of the capacities CInt[nInt] and the vector of the resistances RInt[nInt]. This approach allows considering the dynamic behaviour induced by internal heat storage.

Parameters

Connectors

Modelica definition

Type	Name	Default	Description
replaceable package Medium	PartialMedium	Medium in the component
Thermal zone
Volume	VAir		Air volume of the zone [m3]
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer	alphaRad		Coefficient of heat transfer for linearized radiation exchange between walls [W/(m2.K)]
Integer	nOrientations		Number of orientations
Windows
Area	AWin[nOrientations]		Vector of areas of windows by orientations [m2]
Area	ATransparent[nOrientations]		Vector of areas of transparent (solar radiation transmittend) elements by orientations [m2]
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer	alphaWin		Convective coefficient of heat transfer of windows (indoor) [W/(m2.K)]
ThermalResistance	RWin		Resistor for windows [K/W]
TransmissionCoefficient	gWin		Total energy transmittance of windows [1]
Real	ratioWinConRad		Ratio for windows between indoor convective and radiative heat emission
Boolean	indoorPortWin	false	Additional heat port at indoor surface of windows
Exterior walls
Area	AExt[nOrientations]		Vector of areas of exterior walls by orientations [m2]
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer	alphaExt		Convective coefficient of heat transfer of exterior walls (indoor) [W/(m2.K)]
Integer	nExt		Number of RC-elements of exterior walls
ThermalResistance	RExt[nExt]		Vector of resistances of exterior walls, from inside to outside [K/W]
ThermalResistance	RExtRem		Resistance of remaining resistor RExtRem between capacity n and outside [K/W]
HeatCapacity	CExt[nExt]		Vector of heat capacities of exterior walls, from inside to outside [J/K]
Boolean	indoorPortExtWalls	false	Additional heat port at indoor surface of exterior walls
Interior walls
Area	AInt		Area of interior walls [m2]
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer	alphaInt		Convective coefficient of heat transfer of interior walls (indoor) [W/(m2.K)]
Integer	nInt		Number of RC-elements of interior walls
ThermalResistance	RInt[nInt]		Vector of resistances of interior walls, from port to center [K/W]
HeatCapacity	CInt[nInt]		Vector of heat capacities of interior walls, from port to center [J/K]
Boolean	indoorPortIntWalls	false	Additional heat port at indoor surface of interior walls
Dynamics
Equations
Dynamics	energyDynamics	Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamic...	Type of energy balance: dynamic (3 initialization options) or steady state
Dynamics	massDynamics	energyDynamics	Type of mass balance: dynamic (3 initialization options) or steady state
Real	mSenFac	1	Factor for scaling the sensible thermal mass of the volume
Initialization
AbsolutePressure	p_start	Medium.p_default	Start value of pressure [Pa]
Temperature	T_start	Medium.T_default	Start value of temperature [K]
MassFraction	X_start[Medium.nX]	Medium.X_default	Start value of mass fractions m_i/m [kg/kg]
ExtraProperty	C_start[Medium.nC]	fill(0, Medium.nC)	Start value of trace substances
ExtraProperty	C_nominal[Medium.nC]	fill(1E-2, Medium.nC)	Nominal value of trace substances. (Set to typical order of magnitude.)

Type	Name	Description
input RealInput	solRad[nOrientations]	Solar radiation transmitted through windows [W/m2]
output RealOutput	TAir	Indoor air temperature [K]
output RealOutput	TRad	Mean indoor radiation temperature [K]
VesselFluidPorts_b	ports[nPorts]	Auxilliary fluid inlets and outlets to indoor air volume
HeatPort_a	extWall	Ambient port for exterior walls
HeatPort_a	window	Ambient port for windows
HeatPort_a	intGainsConv	Auxilliary port for internal convective gains
HeatPort_a	intGainsRad	Auxilliary port for internal radiative gains
HeatPort_a	windowIndoorSurface	Auxilliary port at indoor surface of windows
HeatPort_a	extWallIndoorSurface	Auxilliary port at indoor surface of exterior walls
HeatPort_a	intWallIndoorSurface	Auxilliary port at indoor surface of interior walls

model TwoElements "Thermal Zone with two elements for exterior and interior walls" extends OneElement(AArray={ATotExt,ATotWin,AInt}); parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area AInt "Area of interior walls"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.CoefficientOfHeatTransfer alphaInt "Convective coefficient of heat transfer of interior walls (indoor)"; parameter Integer nInt(min = 1) "Number of RC-elements of interior walls"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.ThermalResistance RInt[nInt]( each min=Modelica.Constants.small) "Vector of resistances of interior walls, from port to center"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.HeatCapacity CInt[nInt]( each min=Modelica.Constants.small) "Vector of heat capacities of interior walls, from port to center"; parameter Boolean indoorPortIntWalls = false "Additional heat port at indoor surface of interior walls"; Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a intWallIndoorSurface if indoorPortIntWalls "Auxilliary port at indoor surface of interior walls"; BaseClasses.InteriorWall intWallRC( final n=nInt, final RInt=RInt, final CInt=CInt, final T_start=T_start) if AInt > 0 "RC-element for interior walls"; protected Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.Convection convIntWall if AInt > 0 "Convective heat transfer of interior walls"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant alphaIntWall(k=AInt*alphaInt) if AInt > 0 "Coefficient of convective heat transfer for interior walls"; Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.ThermalConductor resExtWallIntWall( final G=min(ATotExt, AInt)*alphaRad) if ATotExt > 0 and AInt > 0 "Resistor between exterior walls and interior walls"; Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.ThermalConductor resIntWallWin( final G=min(ATotWin, AInt)*alphaRad) if ATotWin > 0 and AInt > 0 "Resistor between interior walls and windows"; equation connect(resExtWallIntWall.port_a, convExtWall.solid); connect(convIntWall.solid, intWallRC.port_a); connect(intWallRC.port_a, resExtWallIntWall.port_b); if not ATotExt > 0 and not ATotWin > 0 and AInt > 0 then connect(thermSplitterIntGains.portOut[1], intWallRC.port_a); connect(thermSplitterSolRad.portOut[1], intWallRC.port_a); elseif ATotExt > 0 and not ATotWin > 0 and AInt > 0 or not ATotExt > 0 and ATotWin > 0 and AInt > 0 then connect(thermSplitterIntGains.portOut[2], intWallRC.port_a); connect(thermSplitterSolRad.portOut[2], intWallRC.port_a); elseif ATotExt > 0 and ATotWin > 0 and AInt > 0 then connect(thermSplitterIntGains.portOut[3], intWallRC.port_a); connect(thermSplitterSolRad.portOut[3], intWallRC.port_a); end if; connect(resIntWallWin.port_b, intWallRC.port_a); connect(resIntWallWin.port_a, convWin.solid); connect(alphaIntWall.y, convIntWall.Gc); connect(intWallRC.port_a, intWallIndoorSurface); connect(convIntWall.fluid, senTAir.port); end TwoElements;